[1]白艺彤,等.泥石流造床运动的实验研究[J].山地学报,2021,(3):346-355.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000601]
　BAI Yitong,SONG Dongri,et al.Experimental Study on Paving Process of Debris Flow[J].Mountain Research,2021,(3):346-355.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000601]
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泥石流造床运动的实验研究()
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《山地学报》[ISSN:1008-2186/CN:51-1516]

卷:
期数:
2021年第3期
页码:
346-355
栏目:
山地灾害
出版日期:
2021-05-25

文章信息/Info

Title:
Experimental Study on Paving Process of Debris Flow
文章编号:
1008-2786-(2021)3-346-10
作者:
白艺彤1;  2; 宋东日1;  2*
1.中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都 610041; 2.中国科学院大学,北京 100392
Author(s):
BAI Yitong1;  2;  SONG Dongri1;  2*
1. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041,China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
关键词:
泥石流;  铺床作用;  流动状态;  流动速度;  流动深度
Keywords:
debris flow;  paving effect;  flow regime;  flow velocity;  flow depth
分类号:
P642.23
DOI:
10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000601
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
“泥石流铺床现象”常被用来定性地解释黏性泥石流(特指高固相含量)运动的减阻效应。目前,铺床现象对泥石流运动的影响研究仍处于定性阶段,定量化的机理研究非常匮乏。本研究设计了中尺度水槽模型实验,对泥石流铺床作用的动力学过程开展了系统观测。以云南蒋家沟泥石流堆积为材料,配置了40%、50%、55%三种固相浓度对比组; 实验观测了泥石流流动过程中运动特征,采集了基底正应力、剪应力、孔隙水压力及流动深度参数。实验结果表明:(1)稀性泥石流运动过程中存在微弱的铺床现象,铺床现象并非独属于黏性泥石流;(2)铺床所形成的残留层不一定是单阵泥石流贡献的,而可能是经连续过程逐步形成的。残留层的厚度随泥石流固相浓度的增加而增加。当后继泥石流流经残留层时,由于残留层的液化状态和较低的基底阻力,后继泥石流的作用力可以透过残留层传递至基底,残留层极易被后继泥石流体裹挟运动;(3)铺床过程显著改变了后继泥石流运动的边界条件,因而铺床作用能够提高泥石流流动速度、流动深度及相应的冲击力,且铺床效应随泥石流固相浓度升高而愈发显著。本研究不仅明确了泥石流造床运动的物理过程,并基于实测参数对铺床过程进行了机理阐述,填充了泥石流铺床研究的实验空白,对深入理解泥石流动力学具有重要意义。
Abstract:
“Paving process of debris flow” is often used to explain the reduction in flow resistance of dense(high solid concentration)debris flows. Current research on this paving process is mostly qualitative, and only a handful of works provide a quantitative definition to its underlying mechanisms. In this study, mesoscale flume model experiments were designed to systematically investigate the dynamic paving process in debris flows. Debris flows with volumetric solid concentrations of 40%, 50%, and 55% were modelled using aggregates from debris flow deposits in the Jiangjia Gulley, Yunnan province, China. The kinetics of debris flows were observed and the measurements of their normal stress, shear stress, pore water pressure, and flow depth were collected. Experimental results reveal that:(1)The paving process was not unique to dense debris flows but could also be observed, although to a lesser extent, in dilute flows.(2)The paving process left a residual layer which was formed, not necessarily by a single debris flow surge, but gradually following successive debris flow surges. The thickness of residual layer increased with the solid concentration. The residual layer was highly liquefied and thus was characterized with a low flow resistance. Forces from subsequent flows were transmitted to the residual layer, leading to its subsequent entrainment and transport.(3)The paving process significantly changed the boundary conditions of the subsequent debris flow movement, and then increased the flow velocity, and flow depth, as well as the impact force experienced by countermeasures. The paving effect became more significant as the solid concentration increased. This research not only clarifies the physical process, but also explains the mechanisms of the paving process based on the measured parameters, filling the experimental gaps in the study of debris flow paving process, and could be of great significance for in-depth understanding of debris flow dynamics.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期(Received date):2021-04-05; 改回日期(Accepted date):2021-06-10
基金项目(Foundation item):国家自然科学基金(42077256,51809261); 四川省科技计划资助项目(2020YJ0002)。[National Natural Science Foundation of China(42077256,51809261); Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2020YJ0002)]
作者简介(Biography):白艺彤(1996-),男,河北邯郸人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:山地灾害防灾减灾工程。[BAI Yitong(1996-), male, born in Handan, Hebei province, M.Sc.candidate, research on debris flow hazard mitigation] E-mail: baiyitong18@mails.ucas.ac.cn.
*通讯作者(Corresponding author):宋东日(1987-),男,山东莱阳人,博士,研究员,主要研究方向:泥石流冲击动力学及工程防护。[SONG Dongri(1987-), male, born in Laiyang, Shandong province, Ph.D., professor, research on debris flow impact dynamics and engineering mitigation] E-mail: drsong@imde.ac.cn
更新日期/Last Update: 2021-05-30