[1]张馨仁a,b,王 瑛a,等.山洪灾害建筑物脆弱性曲线研究进展[J].山地学报,2021,(3):356-366.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000602]
　ZHANG Xinrena,b,WANG Yinga,et al.Research Progress of Building Vulnerability Curve Associated with Mountain Torrent[J].Mountain Research,2021,(3):356-366.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000602]
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山洪灾害建筑物脆弱性曲线研究进展()
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《山地学报》[ISSN:1008-2186/CN:51-1516]

卷:
期数:
2021年第3期
页码:
356-366
栏目:
山地灾害
出版日期:
2021-05-25

文章信息/Info

Title:
Research Progress of Building Vulnerability Curve Associated with Mountain Torrent
文章编号:
1008-2786-(2021)3-356-11
作者:
张馨仁a;  b; 王 瑛a; b*; 刘天雪a; b; 陈 宇a; b
北京师范大学 a.环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室; b.减灾与应急管理研究院,北京 100875
Author(s):
ZHANG Xinrena; b;  WANG Yinga; b*;  LIU Tianxuea; b;  CHEN Yua; b
a. Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster of Ministry of Education; b. Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
关键词:
山洪灾害;  脆弱性曲线;  建筑物结构类型;  致灾强度;  灾害保险
Keywords:
mountain torrent disaster;  vulnerability curve;  types of building structure;  hazard intensity;  disaster insuranc
分类号:
X43
DOI:
10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000602
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
山洪灾害会给受灾区带来巨大的人员伤亡和经济损失。房屋脆弱性分析是山洪风险研究的关键部分,而现有山洪灾害建筑物脆弱性曲线研究在数据来源、脆弱性量化、指标选择和曲线精度等方面仍缺少规范和标准。因此,本研究分别从脆弱性曲线的建立方法和多种致灾强度指标两个角度进行总结,为山洪脆弱性研究前景和中国山洪灾害防治提供参考。主要结论如下:(1)脆弱性曲线数据通常采用灾情调查数据、模型或实验模拟数据,也可以根据已有曲线进行本地化改进,或者提前调查房屋及内部财产高度的系统调查法。(2)致灾强度指标包括水深、流速、冲击压力、沉积深度等,其中水深和沉积深度脆弱性曲线研究相对较多。脆弱性相对一致的是砖混结构类建筑,100%损毁的致灾强度大约为:流速3.8 m·s-1,冲击压力44.5 kPa,沉积深度3 m。(3)各类建筑结构的脆弱性排序为:木框架结构>砖混结构>钢混结构。通过对研究现状和存在问题的分析,以及不同结构类型房屋损失状况的归纳,本研究认为未来山洪建筑物脆弱性曲线研究可以开展多源数据、多技术、多曲线的集成和共享,中国在修建山区建筑时应多借鉴其他国家经验,增强房屋的抗洪能力。
Abstract:
Mountain torrent disaster is one of the main type of geohazards causing casualties in China. Damages in constructions inflicted by torrential floods not only directly threatens people's lives and properties downstream, but also is an essential component of economic losses. As a key data-dependent approach to accurately quantify the assessment of disaster risk, a vulnerability curve introduced a quantitative relationship between the intensity of a disaster process and the vulnerability of relevant disaster-bearing bodies(such as personnel, property, infrastructure, etc.). In this study, the research progress of building vulnerability curve associated with mountain torrent was summarized from two perspectives:(1)the methods to determine vulnerability curve, and(2)indexes of disaster-prone intensity, so as to provide reference for the new direction of development and the prevention of mountain torrent disaster in China. The conclusions are as follows:(1)As to the data sources of a vulnerability curve, it generally originated from field survey, modelling or laboratory works, and localized improvement on existing curves could also be applicable, or an early investigation could be comprehensively conducted on the height of damaged buildings as well as the indoor properties.(2)The indexes of disaster-prone intensity referred water depth, flow velocity, impact pressure, sediment depth, etc., among which more research attentions were paid to water depth and sediment depth for creating a vulnerability curve. A brick-concrete structure, regardless of its location in case of suffering a 100% damage, must be under a specific damage-causing intensity as reference to 3.8 m·s-1 in flow rate, 44.5 kPa in impact pressure and 3 m in sediment depth.(3)As per strength indexes, the vulnerability of all kinds of building structures followed the following order: wood frame structure > brick-concrete structure > steel-concrete structure. There are great discrepancy among countries in producing building vulnerability curves associated with mountain torrent. In the case of 3 m in water depth, the loss rate for brick-wood structure houses in rural areas of China was over 90%, whereas in Italy it was only about 70% for typical alpine masonry structure houses. In Greece, a Mediterranean country, the loss rate of reinforced concrete buildings to be built strictly according to seismic codes was less than 20%. In addition, for buildings with the same structural type, the longer the service life, the greater the vulnerability were, and low buildings were more susceptible to damage. In future research on building vulnerability curve associated with mountain torrent, multi-source data, multi-technology and multi-curve are supposed to be integrated and shared. Lessons from the flood-relief experiences of other countries should be learned for enhancement of flood resistance of mountain buildings of China.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期(Received date):2020-09-01; 改回日期(Accepted date):2021-05-26
基金项目(Foundation item):国家重点研发计划支持项目(2017YFC1502505)。[National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1502505)]
作者简介(Biography):张馨仁(1997-),女,甘肃张掖人,博士研究生,主要研究方向:山洪灾害风险评估。[ZHANG Xinren(1997-),female,born in Zhangye,Gansu province,Ph.D. candidate,research on flash flood disaster risk assessment] E-mail:zxr@mail.bnu.edu. cn
*通讯作者(Corresponding author):王瑛(1974-),女,博士,教授,主要研究方向:自然灾害风险评估。[WANG Ying(1974-),female,Ph.D.,professor,research on natural disaster risk assessment] E-mail:wy@bnu. edu. cn
更新日期/Last Update: 2021-05-30