[1]陈晓良,侯光良*,金孙梅,等.青藏高原东北部史前人类生存策略的区域差异及其影响因素[J].山地学报,2021,(6):773-790.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000638]
　CHEN Xiaoliang,HOU Guangliang*,JIN Sunmei,et al.Regional Differences in Prehistoric Human Survival Strategies in Northeastern Tibetan Plateau of China and Its Influencing Factors[J].Mountain Research,2021,(6):773-790.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000638]
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青藏高原东北部史前人类生存策略的区域差异及其影响因素()
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《山地学报》[ISSN:1008-2186/CN:51-1516]

卷:
期数:
2021年第6期
页码:
773-790
栏目:
山地环境
出版日期:
2021-11-25

文章信息/Info

Title:
Regional Differences in Prehistoric Human Survival Strategies in Northeastern Tibetan Plateau of China and Its Influencing Factors
文章编号:
1008-2786-(2021)6-773-13
作者:
陈晓良1; 侯光良1; 2*; 金孙梅1; 高靖易1
1.青海师范大学 地理科学学院, 西宁810008; 2.青海省人民政府—北京师范大学高原科学与可持续发展研究院, 西宁810008
Author(s):
CHEN Xiaoliang1; HOU Guangliang1; 2*; JIN Sunmei1; GAO Jinyi1
1.School of Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xi'ning 810008, China; 2.Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, People's Government of Qinghai Province and Beijing Normal University, Xi'ning 810008, China
关键词:
生业模式;  气候生产潜力;  不同海拔;  青藏高原东北部
Keywords:
survival strategy;  climatic potential productivity;  different regions;  northeastern Tibetan Plateau
分类号:
K871.2,P941.74
DOI:
10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000638
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
青藏高原不同海拔区域生存策略存在显著差异,相关研究对于揭示人类对高原极端环境的适应进程有重要意义。已有研究从不同视角和方法对青藏高原东北部生存策略进行了探讨,但对青藏高原东北部不同海拔区域间的生存策略差异及其影响研究仍较薄弱,尤其以数理模型开展生存策略的研究尤为缺乏。本文运用迈阿密模型,估算得出区域气候生产潜力的分布状况,并与筛选整理所得的15.0—2.0 ka BP期间各区遗址点(河湟谷地88处、青海湖—共和盆地19处及青南地区8处)动植物遗存及生产工具组合结果进行对比分析。结果显示:(1)研究区各区域的气候生产潜力与生业策略间存在较好的对应关系。河湟谷地是气候生产潜力高值区,从事粟黍农业为主、狩猎为辅的生业经济; 青海湖—共和盆地是气候生产潜力较差区域,开展狩猎为主、农业为辅的生存方式; 青南高原是气候生产潜力低值区,以畜牧和狩猎活动为主要生存策略。(2)结合研究区周边的全新世气候记录、考古等资料得出先民适应高原环境的模式,即细石器时代为初步适应、新石器时代为分异适应(低海拔区域为粟黍农业经济,高海拔地区是传统的狩猎采集经济)以及青铜时代为常年占据开发的全适应。(3)气候变化、粟黍农业发展、东西方文化交流及局部地理环境是起决定性作用的因素。本研究为人类生存策略的相关研究提供了新视角,并对青藏高原东北部史前人类对高原极端环境的开发利用情况提供了更详细的认识。
Abstract:
Survival strategies of human being in prehistoric time vary with altitudes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Careful examination of these strategies contributes to a sound understanding of the process of human resilience to the tough environment in the plateau. Past studies concern mostly about the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, but little attention was paid to the differences in survival strategies inflicted by altitudes of the plateau; Moreover, mathematical models were scarcely applied in such studies.In this study, it gave a proper distribution of regional climatic potential productivity by Miami Model, and it comparatively analyzed the relics of plants and animals, as well as production tools from three areas for the period of 15.0～2.0 ka BP(88 sites in the Hehuang Valley, 19 sites in the Qinghai Lake-Gonghe Basin and 8 sites in southern Qinghai Plateau).Results include:(1)There was a close relationship between the climatic potential productivity and survival strategies of human being in prehistoric time. Specifically, the Hehuang Valley had high climate potential productivity; Thus millet agriculture became their main sustenance, with supplementary livelihood by hunting. The Qinghai Lake-Gonghe basin was moderate in climate potential productivity; Thus both hunting and agriculture were their sustenance. There was low climatic potential productivity in the Qinghai South Plateau; Therefore animal husbandry and hunting were their major means of sustenance for the ancients.(2)In view of the foresaid description of livelihood, climate records, and archaeological findings in the study area, it was concluded that the environment adaptation model in the study area during 15.0～2.0 ka BP could be roughly divided into three stages, namely the preliminary adaptation in microlithic age, a period of differentiated adaptation in Neolithic age(i.e. millet agriculture economy in low altitude areas and traditional hunting and gathering economy in high altitude areas), and a time of full adaptation and perennial occupation during the Bronze Age.(3)Survival strategies were mainly governed by climate change, development of millet agriculture, prehistoric cultural exchange between the east and the west, and local geographical environment. This study sheds a light to a scientific understanding of the prehistoric livelihood strategy and land utilization under the tough circumstances in the northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期(Received date):2021-04-23; 改回日期(Accepted date): 2021-10-26
基金项目(Foundation item):青海省自然科学基金(2021-ZJ-917)。[Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province(2021-ZJ-917)]
作者简介(Biography):陈晓良(1994-), 男, 青海贵德人, 博士研究生, 主要研究方向: 环境变化与人类适应。[CHEN Xiaoliang(1994-), male, born in Guide, Qinghai province, Ph.D. candidate, research on environmental change and human adaptation]E-mail: xlchen94@163.com
*通讯作者(Corresponding author): 侯光良(1972-), 男, 青海大通人, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向: 环境变化与人类适应。[HOU Guangliang(1972-), male, born in Datong, Qinghai province, Ph.D, professor, research on environmental change and human adaptation] E-mail: hgl20@163.com
更新日期/Last Update: 2021-11-30