[1]闫玉平,王进华,刘睿翀.帕隆藏布流域积雪特征研究[J].山地学报,2024,(5):739-750.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000858]
　YAN Yuping,WANG Jinhua,LIU Ruicong.Characteristics of Snowpack along the Palong Zangbo Basin, Tibet, China[J].Mountain Research,2024,(5):739-750.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000858]
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帕隆藏布流域积雪特征研究
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《山地学报》[ISSN:1008-2186/CN:51-1516]

卷:
期数:
2024年第5期
页码:
739-750
栏目:
研究简报
出版日期:
2024-10-20

文章信息/Info

Title:
Characteristics of Snowpack along the Palong Zangbo Basin, Tibet, China
文章编号:
1008-2786-(2024)5-739-11
作者:
闫玉平; 王进华; 刘睿翀
(中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司,西安 710043)
Author(s):
YAN Yuping;  WANG Jinhua;  LIU Ruicong
(China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710043, China)
关键词:
帕隆藏布流域;  积雪;  雪坑;  分布特征
Keywords:
the Palong Zangbo basin;  snowpack;  snow pit;  characteristics of snowpack
分类号:
P642
DOI:
10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000858
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
帕隆藏布流域的冰雪及其衍生灾害进入高发期。大量前期研究基于现场调查与遥感技术,对帕隆藏布流域历史雪崩进行了统计分析,然而针对域内积雪特性研究却鲜有文献报道。本文通过气象数据收集整理、积雪调查与雪坑物理特性测量,分析了帕隆藏布流域降雪变化趋势、积雪物理特性与分布特征。数据表明:(1)1970—2020年,帕隆藏布流域冬春季平均气温显著升高,降水量波动幅度增大,气候不稳定性增强,2000年以来相对湿度与最大风速显著减小。(2)冬春季(冷季)气候变暖,雪崩发生区正温日数增加。波密地区年降水量、冷季降水量明显增加,极端强降雪增加,积雪消融活跃,同时强风多,相对湿度大(平均大于50%),为雪崩发生创造了物质与热量条件。(3)帕隆藏布流域属于稳定季节性积雪区,域内积雪含水量变化范围为1%～2%,表层以下雪坑积雪含水量低; 积雪密度多为0.1～0.2 g·cm-3,表层因不同程度板结而密度稍高; 积雪温度随深度增加呈上升趋势,局部可能为0 ℃以上。(4)域内积雪呈现自东南向西北减薄、自河谷向山顶增大趋势,西南、南与东南坡向积雪分布明显比其他坡向多,阳坡积雪多于阴坡。2003—2015年最大积雪深度变化范围为10～60 cm,其中,松宗镇至然乌段2003—2015年最大雪深达到30～60 cm,为雪崩的易发、高发区,该段落内线路工程选线与工程设置宜充分考虑雪崩的影响。帕隆藏布流域积雪研究对于深化域内雪崩机理认识、雪崩数值模型参数率定、雪崩防治、线路工程选线具有重要意义。
Abstract:
The Palong Zangbo basin of Tibet is the largest marine glacier distribution area in China. Snow avalanche and their derivatives in the basin enter a high incidence period. Preliminary investigations had been conducted to statistically analyze the historical snow avalanche events in the basin based on field survey and remote sensing, but for the snow accumulation characteristics of the region is rarely reported in the literature.
In this study, it collected both long and short series of meteorological data at field observations in the Palong Zangbo basin; it performed on-site survey and measurement of physical characteristics of snow pits at selected sites; then the trend of snowfall, the physical properties of snowpack and distribution were analyzed.
(1)From 1970 to 2020, the mean yearly temperature in winter and spring in Palong Zangbo has increased significantly. The fluctuation of precipitation increased with instability in climate patterns, and the relative humidity and maximum wind speed has decreased significantly since 2000.
(2)With the warming in winter and spring(cold season), the number of days above zero degrees Celsius in the avalanche area was increasing. In the region of Bomi, the annual and cold season precipitation increased significantly, with sharp increase in extreme heavy snowfalls, characterized by active snow melting, frequent strong winds, and high relative humidity(average greater than 50%), which created material and heat conditions for avalanche occurrence.
(3)The Palong Zangbo basin was a stable seasonal snow cover area, with snow water content mostly in the range of 1%-2%, which decreased with depth in snow pits. The density of snowpack was mostly between 0.1-0.2 g·cm-3, with slightly higher in snow surface due to hardening to some extent; snow temperature increased with depth, possibly reaching up to 0 ℃ at some sites.
(4)The snowpack distribution described a trend of thinning from southeast to northwest, and increasing from the valley floor to the crest. The snows on the southwest, south, and southeast slopes were noticeable thicker than those on slopes with other aspects; snows accumulation on sunny slopes were more than those on shady slopes. From 2003 to 2015, the maximum snow depth in the basin varied from 10 to 60 cm, of which the maximum snow depth reached to 30 to 60 cm in the section from Songzong Town to Ranwu Town, where it had been known for high snow avalanche incidence and it should be skilfully avoided in route selection and designed by engineering settings in railway engineering.
This study of snows characteristics is of great significance for deepening the understanding of avalanche mechanism, parameter determination of avalanche in modelling, avalanche control, and railway engineering route optimization.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期(Received date): 2022- 08-15; 修回日期(Accepted date):2024- 09- 05
基金项目(Foundation item): 国家重点研发计划(2017YFA0603101)。[National Key Research and Development Program(2017YFA0603101)]
作者简介(Biography): 闫玉平(1989-),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向:崩塌、边(滑)坡稳定性分析与加固,支挡结构设计,铁路工程勘察设计。[YAN Yuping(1989-), male, Ph.D., senior engineer, research on collapse, slope stability analysis and reinforcement, retaining structure design, railway engineering investigation and design] E-mail: 2420907827@qq.com
更新日期/Last Update: 2024-09-30