[1]易 婷,张光辉,王 兵,等.退耕草地近地表层特征对坡面流流速的影响[J].山地学报,2015,(04):434.
　YI Ting,ZHANG Guanghui,WANG Bing,et al.Effects of Near Soil Surface Characteristics on Velocity of Overland Flow in a Natural Succession Grassland[J].Mountain Research,2015,(04):434.
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退耕草地近地表层特征对坡面流流速的影响()
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《山地学报》[ISSN:1008-2186/CN:51-1516]

卷:
期数:
2015年04期
页码:
434
栏目:
山地环境
出版日期:
2015-08-01

文章信息/Info

Title:
Effects of Near Soil Surface Characteristics on Velocity of Overland Flow in a Natural Succession Grassland
作者:
易 婷; 张光辉; 王 兵; 苏子龙; 李振炜; 师阳阳
1. 北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院，北京 100875； 2. 中国科学院 水利部 水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室，陕西 杨凌 712100； 3. 山西建筑职业技术学院，山西 太原 030006
Author(s):
YI Ting; ZHANG Guanghui; WANG Bing; SU Zilong; LI Zhenwei; SHI Yangyang
1.School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China； 2. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resowrce,Shaanxi Yangling 712100, China； 3. Shanxi Architectural College,Shanxi Taiyuan 030006, China
关键词:
黄土高原; 坡面流流速; 茎秆-枯落物; 生物结皮; 植物根系
Keywords:
The Loess Plateau;  overland flow velocity;  stemlitter;  biological soil crusts;  plant roots
分类号:
S157.1
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
坡面流是坡面土壤分离与泥沙输移的驱动力与载体，退耕还林还草工程实施后，可能导致近地表层特征发生改变，集中体现为植被覆盖率提高、植被茎秆及枯枝落叶层出现、生物结皮发育、根系系统的形成，进而引起坡面流水动力学特性的变化。然而，目前对退耕引起土壤近地表层特性变化对坡面流水动力学特性的影响尚不清楚。因此，通过野外放水冲刷实验（坡度12°~14°；单宽流量0.002~0.006 m2/s），系统研究了退耕草地近地表层特征（茎杆-枯枝落叶层、生物结皮、植被根系）对坡面流流速的影响。结果表明：坡耕地撂荒7 a后，土壤近地表层特征对坡面流流速影响显著，随着土壤近地表层特性各作用（如根系、生物结皮、植物茎秆及其枯落物）的依次叠加，水流流速依次递减，分别较黄土母质（T4）减少了12.76%、41.53%和66.78%，且平均流速随枯落物干重、根系重量密度的增大呈幂函数形式下降。研究成果对于理解退耕草地坡面侵蚀动力的变化及其机制，具有重要的意义。
Abstract:
The implement of the “grain for green project” may cause great changes in near soil surface characteristics, which are represented by increasing in vegetation stem and litter cover, developing in biological soil crusts, and forming in plant root system. Overland flow is the driving force for soil detachment and sediment transport and its velocity is probably affected by the changes in near soil surface characteristics greatly. However, the quantitative impacts of the near soil surface characteristics of natural restorated grassland on velocity of overland flow are still unclear. This study was performed to investigate the effects of the near soil surface characteristics (stemlitter, biological soil crust, plant roots) on overland flow velocity in a natural succession grassland under different slope gradients (12°~14°) and flow discharges (0.002~0.006 m2/s). The results indicated that the near soil surface characteristics influenced overland flow velocity significantly. As the near soil surface factors (stemlitter, biological soil crust, plant roots) overlapped successively, the flow velocity decreased correspondingly. Compared to velocity of Loess soil, the mean flow velocity of stemlitter, biological soil curst, and plant roots reduced by 68.78%, 41.53%, 12.76%, respectively. The velocity of overland flow decreased as a power function with litter dry weight and root mass density. The results of this study have vital significance to understand the variation and mechanism of erosion dynamics in the natural succession grassland.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期(Received date)：2014-10-11；修回日期（Accepted）：2015-03-19。
基金项目（Foundation item）：国家自然科学
基金项目（41271287）和中国科学院“百人计划”择优支持项目联合资助。 \[Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41271287) and the Hundred Talents Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.\]
作者简介（Biography）：易婷（1990-），女，湖南省株洲市人，硕士研究生，现从事土壤侵蚀过程模拟研究。 \[Yi Ting（1990-），female，was born in Zhuzhou，Hunan province，master degree，mainly engaged in research of soil erosion process simulation.\] E-mail：yiting@mail.bnu.edu.cn *
通信作者(Corresponding author)：张光辉（1969-），男，甘肃省静宁县人，教授，主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持研究。\[Zhang Guanghui（1969-），male，was born in Jingning，Gansu province，professor，mainly engaged in research of soil erosion and conservation of water and soil.\] E-mail：ghzhang@bnu.edu.cn
更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01