[1]强小文,杨治纬,程秋连,等.新疆阿勒泰喀纳斯山区道路雪崩灾害特征及致灾机制[J].山地学报,2025,(3):453-468.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000904]
　QIANG Xiaowen,YANG Zhiwei,CHENG Qiulian,et al.Characteristics and Triggering Mechanisms of Avalanche Disasters along Mountainous Roadways in the Kanas Region, Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, China[J].Mountain Research,2025,(3):453-468.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000904]
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新疆阿勒泰喀纳斯山区道路雪崩灾害特征及致灾机制()

《山地学报》[ISSN:1008-2186/CN:51-1516]

卷:
期数:
2025年第3期
页码:
453-468
栏目:
山地灾害
出版日期:
2025-06-20

文章信息/Info

Title:
Characteristics and Triggering Mechanisms of Avalanche Disasters along Mountainous Roadways in the Kanas Region, Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, China
文章编号:
1008-2786-(2025)3-453-16
作者:
强小文1; 2; 杨治纬2; 程秋连2; 李雅群1; 2; 刘 杰1; 2*
(1.新疆大学 建筑工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830046; 2. 新疆交通规划勘察设计研究院有限公司 新疆高寒高海拔山区交通基础设施安全与健康重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830006)
Author(s):
QIANG Xiaowen1; 2;  YANG Zhiwei2;  CHENG Qiulian2;  LI Yaqun1; 2;  LIU Jie1; 2*
(1. College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; 2. Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Safety and Health of Transportation Infrastructure in Alpine and High-Altitude Mountainous Areas, Xinjiang Transport Planning Survey and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830006, China )
关键词:
雪崩;  灾害特征;  致灾机制;  山区道路;  RAMMS模拟;  喀纳斯;  新疆
Keywords:
avalanche;  disaster characteristics;  triggering mechanism;  roadway corridor;  RAMMS simulation;  Kanas;  Xinjiang
分类号:
P642.22
DOI:
10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000904
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
随着冰雪经济的发展与交通设施向山区延伸,雪崩对中国高寒山区道路安全构成日益严峻的威胁。2024年1月,新疆阿勒泰喀纳斯山区连续遭遇强降雪,引发多次大规模雪崩,造成3人死亡,逾4800人受困,道路中断总长约150 km。为深入揭示该区域雪崩灾害的分布特征与致灾机制,本研究以喀纳斯山区道路为研究对象,综合运用无人机遥感影像解译、野外调查与RAMMS(Rapid Mass Movement Simulation)数值模拟等方法,对216处雪崩事件系统分析,并结合S232省道K17处大型雪崩数值模拟,深入探究雪崩空间分布特征及其致灾机制。结果表明:(1)雪崩分布特征。研究区雪崩灾害在坡向112.5°～<157.5°及202.5°～<247.5°的半阳坡区域和30°～40°坡度区段呈现显著聚集特征,分布密度分别达到52%和87.5%。(2)雪崩动力学参数。S232 K17处雪崩峰值速度为29.44 m/s(约106 km/h),最大冲击力为260.9 kPa,冲击道路时,速度衰减至20 m/s,仍产生126 kPa动态压力(等效12.8 t/m2),堆积高度达4.8 m,形成约180 m × 260 m的堆积扇,造成道路持续中断。模拟堆积高度与实测值之间误差为0.2 m,表明RAMMS模型结果与实地观测高度一致,具备较高模拟精度和区域适用性。(3)雪崩形成机制。地形控制、强降雪输入、低温和强风等多重因素耦合下导致雪崩发生。强降雪增加积雪负荷,温度波动抑制雪层稳固转化,强风导致积雪再分配,并在沟槽与漏斗型地形的低压区形成高厚度积雪堆积(积雪高度可达自然沉积高度的2～4倍),从而诱发雪崩。本研究首次实现对喀纳斯山区道路雪崩事件的科学解译与动力学定量评估,为区域雪崩风险识别、道路防灾布设与应急响应提供科学支撑,亦为高寒山区雪崩模拟与管理提供参考范式。
Abstract:
With the rapid development of ice-snow tourism economies and the extension of transportation infrastructure into mountainous regions, avalanche has posed an increasingly severe threat to road safety in China's mountainous regions. In January 2024, consecutive heavy snowfall along mountainous roadways in the Kanas region of Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, China triggered multiple large-scale avalanches, resulting in 3 fatalities, over 4800 individuals stranded, and approximately 150 km of roads blocked.
In this study, it integrated UAV remote sensing interpretation, field surveys, and RAMMS(Rapid Mass Movement Simulation)to conduct a systematic analysis of 216 avalanche events along roadway corridors in the Kanas region, with particular focus on dynamic inversion of a major avalanche occurred at chainage K17 of Provincial Highway S232 for seeking the knowledge of the characteristics and triggering mechanisms of the avalanches. It got several findings as listed as below.
(1)Avalanches along roadways in Kanas were predominantly concentrated on semi-sunny slopes aspect range: 112.5°～<157.5° and 202.5°～<247.5° and slopes with gradients of 30°～40°, with distribution densities reaching 52%and 87.5% respectively.
(2)Retrieved by numerical inversion, the avalanche at S232 K17 reached a peak velocity of 29.44 m/s(approximately 106 km/h)and a maximum impact force of 260.9 kPa. Upon striking the highway, its velocity attenuated to 20 m/s while still generating a dynamic pressure of 126 kPa(equivalent to 12.8 t/m2). The snow accumulation reached a height of 4.8 m, forming a deposition fan of approximately 180 m × 260 m, resulting in prolonged road closure. The simulated avalanche deposition height differed from the field measurement by only 0.2 m, indicating a high level of agreement between the RAMMS model output and on-site observations, thus demonstrating robust simulation accuracy and regional applicability.
(3)Avalanches were triggered by the coupling of multiple factors, including topographic control, intense snowfall, low temperatures, and strong winds. Intense snowfall increased snow load, temperature fluctuations inhibited the stabilization of snow layers, and strong winds redistributed snow, leading to the accumulation of thick snow deposits(2-4 times the natural deposition height)in low-pressure zones of trench and funnel-shaped terrain, thereby inducing avalanches.
This study represents the first scientific interpretation and quantitative dynamic assessment of avalanche events along the Kanas road, providing critical support for regional avalanche risk identification, road disaster prevention layout, and emergency response. It also serves as a reference paradigm for avalanche simulation and management in alpine mountainous regions.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期(Received date): 2025- 03-26; 改回日期(Accepted date):2025- 06-16
基金项目(Foundation item): 交通行业重点科技项目(2022-ZD6-090); 新疆交通运输厅交通运输行业科技项目(2022-ZD-006); 新疆交投集团2021年度“揭榜挂帅”科技项目(ZKXFWCG2022060004); 新疆交通设计院科技研发项目(KY2022041101)。[Key Technology Research and Development Program of Ministry of Transport of China(2022-ZD6-090); Science and Technology Project for Transportation Industry of Xinjiang Transportation Department(2022-ZD-006); Xinjiang Jiaotou Group's 2021 Annual Open-Tender R&D Project(ZKXFWCG2022060004); Xinjiang Transportation Design Institute Science and Technology R&D Project(KY2022041101)]
作者简介(Biography): 强小文(1996-),男,四川南充人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:公路雪崩灾害防治。[QIANG Xiaowen(1996-), male, born in Nanchong, Sichuan Province, M.Sc. candidate, research on cryospheric hazard mitigation in transportation corridors] E-mail: jiangxiaoww@163.com
*通讯作者(Corresponding author): 刘杰(1986-),男,博士,正高级工程师,主要研究方向:公路冰雪灾害防治。[LIU Jie(1986-), male, Ph.D., professor of engineering, research on cryospheric hazard mitigation in transportation corridors] E-mail: hfutliujie@163.com
更新日期/Last Update: 2025-05-30