青藏高原东缘岷江上游地区农村居民收入变化及其因子分解-《山地学报》

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Title:: A Structural Decomposition Analysis of Rural Regional Income Inequality in the Upper Branches of Minjiang River，the Eastern Edge of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

作者:: 徐云; 陈国阶; 王欠; 1中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所，四川成都 610041； 2中国科学院大学，北京 100049

Author(s):: XU Yun; CHEN Guojie; WANG Qian; 1Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment，Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041,China; 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049,China

关键词:: 农村居民收入; 区域差距; 因子解析; 政策; 岷江上游; 禁限制开发区

Keywords:: rural residents’ income; rural inequality; decomposition; policy; the upper branches of Minjiang River; development prohibited or restricted zone

分类号:: F319.9,F329.9

文献标志码:: A

摘要:: 青藏高原是我国生态建设型禁限止开发区的重要组成部分，该区农村居民收入变化是当前国内主体功能区研究和“三农”问题研究的热点。以全国农民人均纯收入低值区青藏高原东缘生态建设型禁限制开发区岷江上游地区为例，运用Gini系数法测度1978—2011年农村居民收入差距变化，并从收入结构变化的视角，对2003—2011年收入差距变化进行因子分解，解释收入因子结构效应和集中性效应变化对收入区域差距变化的贡献，揭示生态建设型禁限制开发区农村居民收入区域差距变化内部作用机制。研究表明：工资性收入是影响岷江上游农村收入差距格局的重要因素，近年来对区域收入差距扩大有正向作用，这与收入结构性增加及集中度增大趋势有关；家庭经营性收入是岷江上游农村居民最主要的收入来源，也是对收入差距影响最大的因素，结构性和集中性协同作用使近年来区域收入差距呈现缩小趋势；财产性收入是比较稳定的因素，对区域收入差距的贡献较小，且处于缩减态势；转移性收入对岷江上游农村收入差距影响较大，结构性变化和集中性变化的影响都较显著。随着青藏高原地区生态建设型禁限制开发区形成和发展，大规模高强度工业化、城镇化开发受到严格限制和禁止，加大转移性支付力度必然成为了保障农民收入的重要途径，转移性收入将成为区域差异变化的重要影响因素。并提出相关政策建议。

Abstract:: Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is a significant part of the development prohibited or restricted zone designed for ecological construction in China. Thus, income changes of rural residents in this region have currently become a highly focused subject among studies on development priority zones and lessdeveloped rural districts. This paper studied the income changes of rural residents in the period of 1978—2011, decomposed them into different component factors by the decomposition of Gini coefficient to explore the factors behind the changes in rural income inequality in the given time period of 2003—2011, with relative data before 2003 unavailable, taking the upperbranch zone of Minjiang River as an example, which is a lowland of per capita net income of rural households in China, and also a representative development prohibited and restricted zone oriented by ecological construction. The overall rural income inequality was decomposed into contributions by different income sources: wages, household operations, properties, and transfers. This analysis implies that the wage income played an important role in rural regional income inequality in the district then. In recent years, its influence on rural inequality has been enlarging，due to the increase of its share and concentration. Household operations income was the most dominant factor in rural total income, with the decline of contributions of its share and concentration, and had effects on decreasing the total regional inequality in the past few years. The properties income was a steady factor, and furthermore,the contribution from properties was small and the contribution percentage of the properties component did display any downward trend. The transfer income was becoming increasingly important, and its influence came from the evident changes of share and concentration. As the policies of the development prohibited or restricted zone in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were implemented in the long term, industrialization and urbanization would be under rigid restriction or total prohibition; more financial transfer, from the central government to the development prohibited or restricted areas, would be more and more effective in tackling rural regional inequality in China; transfer income will be an important factor to affect rural regional inequality. Lastly, some policy advices on how to improve rural income and how to decrease rural inequality in the development prohibited or restricted zone for purpose of ecological construction were given.

《山地学报》[ISSN:1008-2186/CN:51-1516]

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