[1]李立娜,何仁伟*,李 平,等.典型山区农户生计脆弱性及其空间差异--以四川凉山彝族自治州为例[J].山地学报,2018,(05):792-805.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000375]
　LI Lina,HE Renwei*,LI Ping,et al.Assessment and Spatial Difference of Peasant Household's Livelihood Vulnerability in Representative Mountain Areas: A Case Study of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan, China[J].Mountain Research,2018,(05):792-805.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000375]
点击复制

典型山区农户生计脆弱性及其空间差异--以四川凉山彝族自治州为例()
分享到：

《山地学报》[ISSN:1008-2186/CN:51-1516]

卷:
期数:
2018年05期
页码:
792-805
栏目:
山区发展
出版日期:
2018-09-30

文章信息/Info

Title:
Assessment and Spatial Difference of Peasant Household's Livelihood Vulnerability in Representative Mountain Areas: A Case Study of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan, China
文章编号:
1008-2786-(2018)5-792-14
作者:
李立娜1; 何仁伟2*; 李 平1; 罗 健1
1.西昌学院 资源与环境学院,四川 西昌615013; 2.北京市社会科学院 市情调查研究中心,北京100101
Author(s):
LI Lina1;  HE Renwei2*;  LI Ping1;  LUO Jian1
1.School of Resources and Environment, Xichang College, Xichang, Sichuan 615013, China; 2.City Situation Survey Research Center, Beijing Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
关键词:
山区农户;  生计脆弱性;  空间差异;  致贫风险;  凉山州
Keywords:
mountain peasant;  livelihood vulnerability;  spatial difference;  poverty risk;  Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture
分类号:
F129.9
DOI:
10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000375
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
开展脆弱性空间差异分析,有助于识别不同地域类型农户的致贫风险,对有效制定精准帮扶措施具有重要意义。以四川凉山彝族自治州为例,基于可持续生计框架,建立了农户生计脆弱性评估指标体系,利用实地调查获得的496份农户样本数据进行生计脆弱性评估。结果表明:生计脆弱性值为高寒山区>二半山区>山坡区>河谷区,具有地貌类型差异、海拔梯度差异和民族分布差异等空间差异特征,且与致贫风险具有对应关系。其中,高寒山区农户生计脆弱最高,致贫风险最高; 二半山区脆弱性明显,致贫风险较高; 河谷区、山坡区脆弱性较低,致贫风险低。造成脆弱性及致贫风险空间差异的原因既包括自然条件的胁迫,也包括少数民族人口能力素质的不足、文化习俗和思想观念的制约。因此需要通过构建贫困山区农户可持续生计模式、引导思想观念转变等方式进行精准帮扶,提升其风险应对能力,降低贫困脆弱性。
Abstract:
As a key factor to recognize the risks of causing poverty, livelihood vulnerability, obviously, is of great significance for poverty alleviation.Most research on vulnerability have focused on regional vulnerability assessment, but only a few studies have begun considering the spatial difference of livelihood vulnerability.To reveal the characteristics and causes of vulnerability spatial difference, the representative mountain areas, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan, China, was taken as the case study area.Based on the gradient altitude and landforms, mountain settlements of study area were classified into four types: the high-mountain settlement, the semi-mountain settlement, the hilly settlement and the river valley settlements, and 496 households were surveyed by structured questionnaire.Then a livelihood vulnerability assessment indicator system, which based on sustainable livelihood framework, was constructed.The results showed that: livelihood vulnerability value of the high-mountain settlement was greater than that of semi-mountain settlement, the hilly settlement was even smaller, and the smallest one was the river valley settlements.The vulnerability values was notably related to settlement landforms, altitude and the minority distribution.Furthermore, livelihood vulnerability values could reflect the differences of poverty risk between sample areas to some extent.The high-mountain settlements had very high livelihood vulnerability values as well as extremely high poverty risk, which meant that peasants there were more likely to fall into poverty.Similarly, the semi-mountain settlements also had high livelihood vulnerability values, but showed much lower poverty risk.In contrast, both livelihood vulnerability values and poverty risk were relatively low in the hilly settlements and the river valley settlements.The reasons of the vulnerability and poverty risk above could be concluded to natural conditions limitation, competency deficiency of minority population, restriction of backward idea and cultural conventions.The need for measures of targeted poverty alleviation, including the construction of sustainable livelihoods models and the transformation of backward ideas for peasant household, were identified as effective actions for improving their ability to cope with risks and reducing the vulnerability to poverty.

参考文献/References:

[1] 中共中央,国务院.中国农村扶贫开发纲要(2011-2020年)[R].北京,国务院扶贫办,2011:3.[The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, The State Council.New Framework for China Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development(2011-2020)[R].Beijing:The State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development, 2011:3]
[2] 李小云,董强,饶小龙,等.农户脆弱性分析方法及其本土化应用[J].中国农村经济,2007(4):32-39 [LI Xiaoyun, DONG Qiang, RAO Xiaolong, et al.Methods of assessing vulnerability of farmers and local use [J].Chinese Rural Economy, 2007(4):32-39]
[3] 韩峥.脆弱性与农村贫困[J],农业经济问题,2004(10):8-12[HAN Zheng.Fragility and rural poverty[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2004(10): 8-12]
[4] ROBERT J N, FRANK M H, MARCHAND M.Increasing flood risks and wetland losses due to global sea-level rise:Regional and global analyses[J].Global Environmental Change, 1999, 9(1): 69-87
[5] AGRAWALA S, RAKSAKULTHAI V, LARSEN P, et al.Development and climate change in Nepal: focus on water resources and hydropower[R/OL]:OECD working paper, 2003[2017-09-28].http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/6/51/19742202.pdf
[6] EAKIN H, LUERS A L.Assessing the vulnerability of social-environment systems[J].Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 2006, 31(1): 365-394
[7] 张钦,赵雪雁,雒丽,等.高寒生态脆弱区气候变化对农户生计的脆弱性影响评价--以甘南高原为例[J],生态学杂志,2016,35(3):781-790[ZHANG Qin, ZHAO Xueyan, LUO Li, et al.Assessment of the impact of climate change on vulnerability of farmer households' livelihood in an ecologically vulnerable alpine region: taking Gannan Plateau for example[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2016, 35(3): 781-790]
[8] 何仁伟,刘邵权,陈国阶,等.中国农户可持续生计研究进展及趋向[J],地理科学进展,2013,32(4):657-670[HE Renwei, LIU Shaoquan, CHEN Guojie, et al.Research progress and tendency of sustainable livelihoods for peasant household in China[J].Progress in Geography, 2013, 32(4): 657-670]
[9] JANSSENA M A, SCHOON M L, KE W, et al.Scholarly networks on resilience, vulnerability and adaptation within the human dimensions of global environmental change[J].Global Environmental Change, 2006, 16(3): 240-252
[10] HAHN M B, RIEDERER A M, FOSTER S O.The livelihood vulnerability index: a pragmatic approach to assessing risks form climate variability and change-a case study in Mozambique[J].Global Environmental Change, 2009, 19(1): 74-88
[11] NUNAN F.Mobility and fisherfolk livelihoods on Lake Victoria: implications for vulnerability and risk[J].Geoforum, 2010, 41(5): 776-785
[12] 阎建忠,喻鸥,吴莹莹,等.青藏高原东部样带农牧民生计脆弱性评估[J],地理科学,2011,31(7):858-867[YAN Jianzhong, YU Ou, WU Yingying, et al.Livelihood vulnerability assessment of farmers and nomads in eastern ecotone of Tibetan plateau, China[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2011, 31(7): 858-867]
[13] 赵立娟.灌溉管理改革背景下农户生计脆弱性评估[J],干旱区地理,2014,37(5):1055-1064[ZHAO Lijuan.Assessment on households' livelihood vulnerability under irrigation management reform[J].Arid Land Geography, 2014, 37(5): 1055-1064]
[14] 伍艳.贫困地区农户生计脆弱性的测度--基于秦巴山片区的实证分析[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社科版),2015(5):128-133[WU Yan.Assessment on households' livelihood vulnerability in depressed area: a case study in Qinling-Bashan mountainous region[J].Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities, 2015(5): 128-133]
[15] 韩文文,刘小鹏,裴银宝,等.不同地貌背景下民族村农户生计脆弱性及其影响因子[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(4):1229-1240[HAN Wenwen, LIU Xiaopeng, PEI Yinbao, et al.Agro-household livelihood vulnerability and influence factors of ethnic villages under different geomorphology backgrounds[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(4): 1229-1240]
[16] 刘彦随,周扬,刘继来.中国农村贫困化地域分异特征及其精准扶贫策略[J].中国科学院院刊,2016,31(3):269-278[LIU Yansui, ZHOU Yang, LIU Jilai.Regional differentiation characteristics of rural poverty and targeted poverty alleviation strategy in China[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2016, 31(3): 269-278]
[17] 何仁伟.山区聚落农户可持续生计发展水平及空间差异分析--以四川省凉山州为例[J].中国科学院大学学报,2014,31(2):221-230[HE Renwei.Evaluation and spatial difference analysis on sustainable livelihoods of peasant household in mountain settlement: a case study of Liangshan Prefecture in Sichuan Province[J].Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2014, 31(2): 221-230]
[18] 何仁伟,刘邵权,刘运伟,等.典型山区农户生计资本评价及其空间格局--以四川省凉山彝族自治州为例[J].山地学报,2014,32(6):641-651[HE Renwei, LIU Shaoquan, LIU Yunwei, et al.Evaluation and spatial distribution of farmer's livelihood capital in representative mountain areas: a case study of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan, China[J].Mountain Research, 2014, 32(6): 641-651]
[19] 凉山州统计局.凉山州2016年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[R/OL].西昌:凉山州统计局,2017:http://tjj.lsz.gov.cn/index.php/Article/View/cid/39/id/429.html [Liangshan Bureau of Statistics.Statistical Communique on national economic and social development of Liangshan in 2016[R/OL].Xichang: Liangshan Bureau of Statistics, 2017:[2017-09-30].http://tjj.lsz.gov.cn/index.php/Article/View/cid/39/id/429.html]
[20] 凉山彝族自治州扶贫办公室.凉山彝族自治州扶贫开发报告2015[R].西昌:凉山彝族自治州扶贫办公室,2015:11.[Liangshan Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development.Liangshan Poverty Alleviation and development report in 2015[R].Xichang: Liangshan Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development, 2015:11.]
[21] DFID.Sustainable livelihoods guidance sheets [M].London: Department for International Development, 1999: 2-9
[22] MCCARTHY J J, CANZIANI O F, LEARY N A, et al.Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability[M].Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001: 109-138
[23] 何仁伟.典型山区农户生计空间差异与生计选择研究--以四川省凉山彝族自治州为例[M].成都:四川大学出版社,2013:88-119[HE Renwei.The Spatial Difference of Famer's Livelihood Situation and Livelihood Choice in Representative Mountain Areas: A Case Study of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province[M].Chengdu: Sichuan University Press, 2013: 88-119]
[24] 赵雪雁,赵海莉,刘春芳.石羊河下游农户的生计风险及应对策略--以民勤绿洲区为例[J].地理研究,2015,34(5):922-932[ZHAO Xueyan, ZHAO Haili, LIU Chunfang.The farmers' livelihood risk and their coping strategy in the downstream of Shiyang River: A case of Minqin Oasis[J].Geographical Research, 2015, 34(5): 922-932]
[25] WIENS T B.Peasant risk aversion and allocative behavior: quadratic programming experiment[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1976, 58(4): 629-635
[26] DILLON J L, SCANDIZZO P L.Risk attitudes of subsistence farmers in Northeast Brazil: a sampling approach [J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1978, 60(3): 425-435
[27] 郭佩霞.凉山彝区政府反贫困研究[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2008:132-144[GUO Peixia.The Fight Against Poverty of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province [M].Beijing: The Publishing House of Economic Science, 2008: 132-144]

相似文献/References:

[1]何仁伟,刘邵权,刘运伟,等.典型山区农户生计资本评价及其空间格局——以四川省凉山彝族自治州为例[J].山地学报,2014,(06):641.
　HE Renwei,LIU Shaoquan,LIU Yunwei,et al.Evaluation and Spatial Distribution of Farmer’s Livelihood Capital in Representative Mountain Areas: A Case Study of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan，China[J].Mountain Research,2014,(05):641.

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期(Received date):2017-10-28; 改回日期(Accepted date):2018-5-15
基金项目(Foundation item):国家自然科学基金项目(41461040); 教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目(14YJC790063); 四川省教育厅项目(15ZB0226)。[National Natural Science Foundation of China,(41461040); Humanities and Social Science Youth Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(14YJC790063); Project of Education Department in Sichuan Province(15ZB0226)]。
作者简介(Biography):李立娜(1977-),女,吉林松原人,副教授,硕士,研究方向:土地评价与土地资源可持续利用。[LI Lina(1977-), female, born in Songyuan, Jilin province, associate professor, research on land evaluation and sustainable utilization of land resources] E-mail: haozi8377@126.com
*通讯作者(Corresponding author):何仁伟(1978-),男,重庆垫江人,博士,副研究员,主要从事农村区域发展研究。[HE Renwei(1978-), male, born in Dianjiang county, Chongqing, Ph.D., associate professor, research on rural regional development study] E-mail: herenweiyan@163.com
更新日期/Last Update: 2018-11-30